SUPPORT FOR RECTUM CANCER PATIENTS

A diagnosis of rectum cancer brings a myriad of challenges that extend far beyond the physical symptoms. This article aims to address the emotional and psychological impact of a rectum cancer diagnosis, discuss the physical challenges including pain, fatigue, and changes in bowel habits, and explore the various support resources available to patients and their families. Understanding these aspects is crucial for managing the disease and improving quality of life during treatment and beyond.

EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF A RECTUM CANCER DIAGNOSIS

Receiving a diagnosis of rectum cancer can be a life-altering event, affecting not only the patient but also their loved ones. The emotional and psychological toll can be profound and multifaceted.

Initial Reaction and Anxiety:

Initially, patients may experience a range of emotions including shock, fear, and anxiety. The uncertainty of the diagnosis and the treatment process can be overwhelming. According to the American Cancer Society, it is common for patients to feel anxious about their prognosis, the impact of treatment on their daily life, and the potential outcomes (American Cancer Society, 2023).

Depression and Emotional Distress:

The emotional burden of rectum cancer can also lead to depression and emotional distress. Patients may struggle with feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and frustration as they navigate the complexities of their diagnosis and treatment. Research published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology highlights that depression is a common issue among cancer patients and can significantly affect their overall well-being and response to treatment (Zabora et al., 2001).

Impact on Relationships:

The diagnosis can strain relationships with family and friends. Patients may feel isolated or misunderstood, while loved ones may experience their own emotional challenges in supporting the patient. Communication is key in managing these relationships, and open discussions about feelings and concerns can help mitigate the emotional strain.

PHYSICAL CHALLENGES OF RECTUM CANCER PATIENTS

Living with rectum cancer often involves dealing with various physical challenges, many of which can significantly impact daily life.

Pain Management:

Pain is a common symptom experienced by many patients with rectum cancer. This pain can result from the cancer itself, the side effects of treatment, or surgical procedures. Effective pain management is crucial for maintaining quality of life. The American Cancer Society emphasizes the importance of addressing pain promptly and working with healthcare providers to develop a personalized pain management plan (American Cancer Society, 2023).

Pain management strategies may include:

• Medications: Pain relief can be achieved through various medications, including over-the-counter pain relievers and prescription opioids for more severe pain.
• Palliative Care: In addition to medication, palliative care teams can provide specialized interventions to manage pain and improve comfort.
• Complementary Therapies: Techniques such as acupuncture, massage, and relaxation exercises can complement traditional pain management strategies.

Fatigue:

Fatigue is another common issue faced by patients with rectum cancer, often exacerbated by treatment protocols. Cancer-related fatigue is different from ordinary tiredness and can persist even after rest. According to the National Cancer Institute, fatigue can be caused by several factors, including the cancer itself, side effects of treatment, and emotional stress (National Cancer Institute, 2023).

Managing fatigue involves:

• Balancing Activity and Rest: It is important to balance periods of activity with rest to prevent overexertion.
• Nutrition and Hydration: Proper nutrition and hydration can help maintain energy levels.
• Exercise: Light exercise, such as walking or stretching, can help reduce fatigue and improve overall well-being.

Changes in Bowel Habits:

Changes in bowel habits are a significant physical challenge for many patients with rectum cancer. These changes can include diarrhea, constipation, or altered bowel patterns due to the cancer or its treatment. For patients who have undergone surgery, such as a colostomy or ileostomy, managing these changes is crucial for maintaining comfort and quality of life.

Addressing bowel habit changes may involve:

• Dietary Adjustments: A diet high in fibre and low in irritants can help manage bowel function.
• Medications: Prescription medications may be used to manage symptoms like diarrhoea or constipation.
• Stoma Care: For patients with a colostomy or ileostomy, proper stoma care and use of specialized products can help manage the physical changes and maintain comfort.

SUPPORT RESOURCES FOR RECTUM CANCER PATIENTS AND FAMILIES

Navigating the challenges of rectum cancer requires a robust support system. Fortunately, numerous resources are available to assist patients and their families.

Support Groups for rectum cancer patients:

Support groups provide a platform for patients and their families to share experiences, offer emotional support, and exchange practical advice. Participating in a support group can help patients feel less isolated and provide valuable insights into managing the disease.

Types of support groups include:

• In-Person Groups: Local hospitals, cancer centres, and community organizations often host support groups for patients with rectum cancer.
• Online Support Groups: Online platforms and forums offer the flexibility of connecting with others from the comfort of home.

Counselling Services for rectum cancer patients and families:

Professional counselling can be beneficial for addressing the emotional and psychological aspects of living with rectum cancer. Licensed therapists and counsellors specializing in oncology can provide support for managing anxiety, depression, and other emotional challenges.

Counselling services may include:

• Individual Therapy: One-on-one sessions with a therapist to explore personal feelings and coping strategies.
• Family Counselling: Therapy sessions that involve family members to address relational dynamics and enhance communication.

Financial Assistance for rectum cancer patients and families:

The financial burden of cancer treatment can be significant. Various organizations offer financial assistance to help cover medical expenses, transportation, and other costs associated with cancer care.

Financial assistance resources include:

• Non-profit Organizations: Organizations such as the American Cancer Society and Cancer Care provide financial assistance and resources for patients in need.
• Government Programs: Programs like Medicaid and Medicare offer financial support for eligible individuals.
• Hospital Financial Aid: Many hospitals have financial aid programs to assist patients with treatment costs.

Additional Resources:

• Patient Navigators: Patient navigators are professionals who help guide patients through the healthcare system, providing assistance with appointments, insurance issues, and other logistical concerns.
• Educational Materials: Cancer centers and support organizations offer educational materials to help patients understand their condition and treatment options.

CONCLUSION.

Living with rectum cancer presents a range of challenges, from emotional and psychological impacts to physical symptoms like pain, fatigue, and changes in bowel habits. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach, including effective pain management, support from loved ones, and access to various support resources. Support groups, counselling services, financial assistance, and additional resources play a crucial role in helping patients and their families navigate the complexities of cancer treatment and improve their quality of life. By leveraging these resources and seeking support, individuals affected by rectum cancer can better manage their condition and enhance their overall well-being.

REFERENCES:

• American Cancer Society. (2023). Coping with Cancer: Emotional and Psychological Effects. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/treatment/coping-with-cancer.html
• National Cancer Institute. (2023). Fatigue in Cancer Patients. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side-effects/fatigue
• Zabora, J., Brintnall, R., & Cella, D. (2001). The prevalence of depression and anxiety among cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19(10), 2381-2387. doi:10.1200/JCO.2001.19.10.2381
• National Comprehensive Cancer Network. (2023). Rectal Cancer: Treatment Guidelines. Retrieved from https://www.nccn.org/professionals/professional_disclaimer.asp

Written by Fawzi Rufai, Medically Reviewed by Sesan Kareem